Heaping Fiery Coals on Your Enemies Heads

Among the many startling instructions that Jesus gave during His ministry here on earth, there were few that probably raised more eyebrows than His admonition to “love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you” (Matthew 5:43-44).

In fact, reading throughout the Old Testament in general and the Psalms in particular we are continually finding examples of prayers for the utter destruction of many of the enemies of God’s people. One of my personal favorites is King Davids words in Psalms 3:7; “Rise up, Lord! Save me, my God! You strike all my enemies on the cheek; You break the the teeth of the wicked.”

Yea, that’s it; eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth, or better yet how about a whole mouth of teeth busted out. And while we’re at it, how about heaping some burning coals on top of their heads to boot. Doesn’t the Bible say something about that as well? As a matter of fact, it does…twice!

The idiom of “heaping fiery coals on [your enemies] head” is found in Romans 12:20 where the Apostle Paul is quoting Proverbs 25:21-22;

“If your enemy is hungry, feed him. If he is thirsty, give him something to drink. For in doing so you will be heaping fiery coals on his head.”

I have heard people translate this verse as to mean that you are to “kill them with kindness”, but further study on this passage taken in context and then put together with Jesus’ words enjoining loving your enemy in Matthew 5:38ff don’t seem to indicate that. No, it appears to me that we are to seek to genuinely love our enemies and actually seek to demonstrate that in our words and actions towards them. Whereas “killing ‘em with kindness” normally indicates treating someone who you may not care for very much with a false sweetness in an attempt to even madden them more, this passage in Romans seems to indicate that we are to seek to show the same love for our enemies that God has shown to us.

In reading through numerous commentaries looking for the meaning of this “fiery coals on his head” passage, I have come across several possible translations. While the original meaning of this expression is in fact unclear, it would appear to be associated with one or more customary practices from ancient times.

The most widely held assumption regarding this phrase is that it originates from a form of penance carried out in ancient Egypt. The penitent would carry coals in a clay pot upon their head in an act of contrition. Another possible explanation could be the custom where a person to carry coals from their still-burning fire in a clay pot on their head  to their neighbor in order for them to relight a fire that had burned out…an act of brotherly love. I also ran across a few other commentaries that suggested that a pot of hot coals on ones head would redden their face as in a simulation of shame.

Whatever the original meaning of the phrase, the idea of being nice to your enemy with the hope of something bad happening to them as the result is obviously NOT the intent of the scripture when taken in context. Feeding our enemy and giving them a drink of cool water before heaping a more than likely fatal load of burning coals on their head would kind of like offering a last supper to a death row inmate prior to his execution. In fact a few verses prior to the passage that we were looking at in Romans, Paul writes that our love must be without hypocrisy (Romans 12:9) and another verse in Proverbs tells us not to gloat when our enemy falls or to rejoice when he stumbles (Proverbs 24:17).

It seems to me that when the Bible tells us to love our enemies, it is not indicating a hypocritical, “I’m going to kill them with kindness” love, but instead a genuine love, an agape love.

So why are we to love our enemies?

I think that at least part of the answer might be found back in Romans, albeit a little further back than where we were looking before. In Romans 2:4, Paul writes about God’s kindness, patience and restraint toward us and how His kindness towards us is what brings us to repentance. It is the same type of kindness, patience and restraint that we are told to direct toward our enemies.

As Christ’s representatives here on earth and in line with Christ’s instructions for us to be “salt” and “light” (Matthew 5:13-16), it is through our actions that people are supposed to be attracted to the Kingdom of God. And when we are able to show the same kindness, patience and restraint to our enemies that God has shown to us, that is when our enemies may begin to realize that there is something different about these Kingdom of God people. Thus our genuine loving actions directed towards those who persecute us is intended as a means not so much to bring them to repentance towards us (although that could sometimes be a nice side effect) but rather bring them to repentance towards God.

This is another one of those areas in my Christian life where “I’m not there yet.” Although I have moved passed taking out personal vengeance  on those who may have wronged me and have even gotten to the point where I can pray for my enemies, I can’t say that I demonstrate true love and genuine kindness towards them the way that Jesus and Paul seem to be instructing in these passages. If anything, I am probably guilty of demonstrating the “kill them with kindness” hypocritical fake smiles and niceties than I am of living up to what I know that God asks is asking from me.  And I also must admit that I still take pleasure when I see someone “getting what they have coming to them.” But coming to the realization that this is not what God wants gives me reason to seek even harder to move past this.

In 2 Peter 3:9 we read that God doesn’t want anyone to perish, but for all to come to repentance and of course Jesus tells us in John 3:16 that God loved the world so much that He sent his only Son to die for all. And going back to our passage in Matthew 5, we read in verse 45 that “He causes the sun to rise on the evil and the good, and sends rain both on the righteous and the unrighteous.” Through these verses as well as many others, it becomes clear that God loves all of his creation and expects those of us who are His adopted children to do the same.

It seems to me that the command to love your enemies may be one of the more difficult commands that our Lord gave us, but He did not give us the liberty to pick and choose which of His commands that we were going to obey. The one comfort that I can find in this difficult command is Jesus’ words at the end of passage about loving our enemies. In verse 48 of Matthew 5, Jesus finishes with “Be perfect, therefore, as your heavenly Father is perfect.” God knows that none of us is going to be able to carry out the instructions to love our neighbor perfectly while we are still constrained by our fleshly bodies, but all the same it is what we should strive for, as difficult as it may seem. One footnote to Paul’s words in Romans 12. In verse 21 he adds;

“Do not be conquered by evil, but conquer evil with good”

I Wish N.T. Wright Had a Blog

With Dr. Larry Hutado’s recent entry into the blogosphere, followed by Dr. Roger Olson of George W. Truett Theological Seminary a couple of weeks ago, the resources in Biblical scholarship available to those people (like myself) who seek to gain a fuller understanding of Biblical theology but who are unable to attend seminary has reached yet another level.

Another Biblical scholar whose blog  (Storied Theology) I recently discovered, Dr. Daniel Kirk, offers even more even more perspectives from the academic halls of Fuller Theological Seminary. On his What & Why of This Blog page, he articulates just one one the many reasons for which I am appreciative of the blogs of these (as well as many other) Biblical scholars:

“Blogging is a way to both “give away” what might otherwise only be purchased through books, magazines, or tuition dollars and to engage in a conversation that embraces more voices than any of the community spaces I or my published writings can physically occupy. Numbers aren’t everything, but in the first day this blog was up and running I had more readers than I will teach in one year in Fuller Seminary classrooms.”

Although I read many books  and am always seeking to add knowledge to my faith through any means available, I have found the blogs of these scholars, as well as those who are currently studying to become Biblical scholars absolutely indispensable (and cheaper!). And unlike reading many of their books (which I will still continue to do), theological blogs are more of a “work in progress” which allows dialogue between teachers, students and laymen like myself.

Now, I only wish that N.T. Wright would start blogging!

(on a side note, for a really good take on the future of theology blogs, Ben Myers at Faith and Theology recently published a great article)

Theology for Our Children…And Theirs

Some time back I was having a conversation with a friend of mine who is the counseling pastor at a local church. We were discussing a few of the many theological issues that I still have not fully resolved to my own liking. During the course of this conversation he made a statement that has really stuck with me and that I quite often use as a yardstick while working out my own theology.

Essentially what he told me was, that while I am attempting to discover who the God of the Bible really is, to be sure that the theology that I come up with is a theology that I would want for my children and my children’s children.

I think that in this ever evolving age that we live in, a statement like that carries more and more weight with each passing year. I sometimes rant about Fundamentalism, but to be quite honest there are many aspects of Fundamentalist Christianity that are enviable. The desire to live a holy life before God, shunning the “ways of the world” is not a bad thing. In fact, that is precisely what I believe that Jesus called us to do.

In fact, I believe that the pure and innocent lives that many who claimed the moniker of “fundamentalist” just a few short generations ago would be preferable in many ways to having to grow up in the increasingly secular world that we presently find ourselves in here in the 21st century. But those days of innocence are long gone and hiding our heads in the proverbial sand does much more harm than good. Realistically, the only way to possibly think that you can raise your children and not have them influenced by today’s secular and  scientifically advancing world is to live on some compound in the middle of nowhere (with no Internet access!), and pray that they never leave and experience the “real world.” So although I find some of the aspects of fundamentalism somewhat enviable, I realize that envy is really not for fundamentalism itself, but instead for the lost world from which that type of religion was viable. But the world has moved on since then.

So how do you develop a personal theology that you can pass on to your children that is biblically sound but that can withstand the rigors of a world where militant atheism, gay marriage, secular humanism and even Christians bashing each other over doctrinal differences is part of the daily news. How do you explain to them that God created the world when science has largely “proven” evolution. In an ever increasing “naturalist” world that denies the miraculous, how can you convince them that Jesus was in fact raised from the dead and that they should put their faith in Him, even when the shelves in the religious section of the local bookstore has an ever increasing number of books that will tell them that is a myth and that the “historical Jesus” was at best simply a gifted Jewish prophet. How do you instill in your children reverence for the Bible as God’s word, but still account for the fact that it really is not “inerrant” (with just a bit of research they will find out for themselves that inerrancy in the fundamentalist sense is kind of like believing in Santa Claus) without enrolling them in college level theology courses?

Well to begin with, ignoring science or claiming that the dinosaur bones that they have more than likely handled with their own hands by the time that they have graduated high school are a devious ploy of the devil to trick mankind simply won’t work (I was actually told that as a child).  We may be able to shelter our younger children by homeschooling them, but unless we send them to some fundamentalist university and then convince them to live in a world without television or Internet, they are going to eventually encounter real science. Although God could have made the world in six days, the overwhelming evidence points more to the direction that He may have taken a wee bit longer than that.  In developing a theological ideology for our children we simply cannot ignore what modern science is telling us, instead we must find a way to integrate the God of the Bible with what we have proven scientifically, otherwise they will quite often question everything that we ever told them about God.

(Now I am not taking a “naturalist” view here. Science has never disproved the miraculous and naturalism is an entirely different subject.)

Secondly, I am not going to teach my children to hate homosexuals or anybody else for that matter. While I believe that the Bible is fairly clear about same-sex relationships and thing that it take some fairly creative hermeneutical  gymnastics to justify homosexuality, I am not telling my children that “God hates fags” and is sending them all straight to Hell. (To my own embarrassment, I must admit that I once did just that.)

Thirdly and while I am on the subject of Hell, I have no plans to teach my children that a wrathful God plans on subjecting the damned to an eternity of torment either. Whether annihilationism or just a “separation from God”  does more justice to scripture on the doctrine of Hell I have yet to fully ascertain, but I am convinced that much of our current doctrine on Hell was a fabrication of the Catholic church, influenced  by Greek thought. And many of our youth today have a very difficult time reconciling what we claim is a God of love and eternal torment for the “damned”.

I don’t want my children to become Christians because of fear of Hell. I want them to become Christians because they love a God who they realize loves them more than they could possibly understand.

Fourthly, I do not plan on teaching my children that the Hindu or Islamic child that they sit next to in school is going to Hell if they never (in this lifetime) become a Christian. While I do believe that Jesus Christ is the resurrected Son of God, I simply do not have enough information to go on to make the assertion that all “good” Hindus or anybody else is going to “Hell”. While I would like to be a Christian inclusivist or even a universalist, I am not quite there yet either. What I do believe is that God, through His grace, introduced me to His Son, and that is the path that I must take. Even if there are other paths that lead to salvation, I remain convinced that the Christian path is the superior one and that is what I will teach my children. What God has in store for non-Christians is His business; my business is to represent His love to everyone that He places in my path.

Fifth, I have no plans to teach my children that God is some sort of cosmic ATM machine nor is He an Alladin’s lamp who will grant your every desire and make you healthy and wealthy if you just say the right prayer or send a big enough check to the church. I do believe that God does bless people, but more than ever I believe that those blessings simply come automatically when we begin to live a life such as the one that Jesus provided an example of. Not that God doesn’t supernaturally intervene at times for those who put Him first in their lives, because I do believe that He does. But when He does, I think that it is quite often either to bring glory to His name or to build our faith.

We no longer live in a world where we can simply declare to our children as dogmatic many of these areas of Christianity that in fact really quite gray and expect them to just accept it as fact because “we said so”. While I do believe that the Bible is inspired, I have also discovered that many of the things that I was told that the Bible said just simply aren’t in there. In today’s Information Age, we cannot expect that our children will not eventually make the same realizations.

So, as I continue to “work out my own Christ-centered theology”, I seek to craft a theology so that it will withstand the close scrutiny that I know that my children will give to it…and their children as well. Although Christ could possibly return before my children’s children reach the age where they begin to ask the difficult questions, I think that I owe it to them to have answers to whatever questions they may ask about God and the Bible in case He doesn’t. And I don’t think “because the pastor said so” will be sufficient in a world where today’s knowledge  is outdated six months from now and information (as well as misinformation) on every subject imaginable is only a mouse click away.

“The Imitation of Christ” Book Two Thoughts

Note: part 5 of a series as I live-blog my reading of “The Imitation of Christ” by Thomas a Kempis

After a fairly lengthy delay, I have finally finished Book Two in Kempis’ “The Imitation of Christ”. I got sidetracked with my wife’s surgery, and then got involved in another book, Predestination and Free Will: Four Views of Divine Sovereignty and Human Freedom, of which I will post a review of later this week, but I finally got back into it yesterday. I had actually read through the entirety of Book Two a couple of weeks ago, but since it was the smallest of the four books (only twenty pages), I decided to read through it again.

Whereas Book One focused primarily on Humility, Book Two was more about the concept of taking up your own cross and following Christ. Throughout Book Two, emphasis on being willing to suffer for Christ was repeated again and again. At one point Kempis gos so far as to state; “When you have reached the point that trouble is sweet to you, something to be relished for Christ’s sake, you may reckon that all is well with you; you have found heaven on earth.” Book 2.12.11

However, one of the quotes from Book Two that I found that I identified with the most was a little earlier. Kempis writes:

Jesus today has many who love His heavenly kingdom, but few to carry His cross; many who yearn for comfort, few who long for distress. Plenty of people He finds to share His banquet, few to share His fast. Everyone desires to take part in His rejoicing, but few are willing to suffer anything for His sake. There are many that follow Jesus as far as the breaking of the bread, few as far as as drinking the cup of suffering; many that revere His miracles, few that follow Him in the indignity of the cross;  many that love Jesus as long as nothing runs counter to them; many that praise and bless Him as long as they receive some comfort from Him; but should Jesus hide from them and leave them for a while, they fall to complaining or become deeply depressed.” Book 2.2.1

I wonder what Kempis would think of the current days “Prosperity Gospel?”



Lake of Fire Tours

This about sums up the heat in Texas lately (106 yesterday).

Romans Commentary Giveaway

Marc Cortez is giving away a copy of Moo’s Commentary on Romans. Head over to his blog for a chance to win it. I have plans to do an in depth study on Romans later this year and adding this commentary to the three that I already have would definitely add to the viewpoints  that I have available on this crown jewel of the Apostle Paul.